Economics Very Short Questions Part I

posted by admin
Jan 25

Economics Question Bank
Very Short Questions Part I

Note : This part has fifteen (15) definitional questions of (5) marks each to be answered in upto (30) words.

(5×15=75 marks)

 

1) What is ‘price leadership’ ?
2) Distinguish between Marginal Rate of Transformation (MRT) in production and Marginal Rate of substitution in consumption.
3) What is the meaning of ‘Life-cycle hypothesis’?
4) Explain the concept of money multiplier.
5) What is Hicks-neutral technical progress
6) Why does capitalism decay in Schumpeter’s theory of economic development ?
7) Distinguish between merit good and public good.
8) Which internationally traded services are not covered under ‘General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS)’ ?
9) What is meant by a ‘Restrictive Monetary Policy’? ‘
10) Write short note on Wage-goods approach.
11) Write short note on UNEP.*
12) Write short note on Tradable Pollution Permits.
13) Write short note on Urban Agglomeration.
14) Write short note on Urban Unemployment.
15) Write short note on BOP settlement and BOP Adjustment.
16) Distinguish between Balance of trade and Balance of Payment.
17) Write short note on Purchasing power parity.
18) Distinguish between ‘international trade’ and ‘inter-regional trade’.
19) How are foreign exchange reserves with the central bank classified in the BOP accounts ? Indicate the rationale behind such classification.
20) How is ‘industrial productivity’ measured in India ?
21) What is meant by ‘Sustainable development’ ?
List the main characteristics of Indian population as per 2001 census.
22) What are the bio-chemical components of the Green Revolution ?
Distinguish between Type-I and Type-II Error.
23) What are the applications of differentiation and integration techniques in economics ?
24) Define revealed preference axiom.
25) What is elasticity of substitution of factors?
26) What is consumption ratchet ?
27) What is asset demand for money ?
28) What is Harrod-neutral technical progress ?
29) Define organic composition of capital and its relation to rate of profit.
30) Distinguish between incidence and shifting of a tax
31) What are the measures of regional disparities in agriculture?
32) Distinguish between Open Model and Closed Models of Leontief Input-output analysis. When do you say the system is viable in an Open Model ?
33) Distinguish between Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) and Human Development Index (HDI).
34) State the conditions for ‘Take-off’.
35) Write short note on IRR.
36) What is the shadow price of capital ?
37) What is the vicious circle of poverty ?
38) Explain the concept of ‘Golden Age’.
39) What is Social Discount Factor ?
40) What is the value of a constraint in its shadow price ?
41) How is the multiplier different from super-multiplier ?
42) State the important features of neo-classical monetary theory.
43) What is Disposable Income ?
44) Briefly explain the term “Phillips Curve.”
45) Define High-powered money.
46) What is meant by ‘lump-of-labor’ hypothesis ?
47) Can money multiplier be manipulated ?
48) Discuss the Cambridge Equations of Quantity theory of Money.
49) What is ‘Ratchet Effect’ ?
50) Comment on the neutrality of money and elucidate the concept of money multiplier.
51) Stagflation.
52) What is value added approach ?
53) Explain Inflationary gap.
54) What is Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) ? How does it affect liquidity in the economy ?
55) What is Financial Define MRS in Indifference Curve Analysis.
56) Briefly explain ‘expansion path’.
57) What is the ‘shut-down point’ of a firm ?
58) How does the Ricardian theory of rent differ from the modern theory of rent ?
59) What is the ‘social welfare function’?
60) Explain the basic limitations of Leontief’s input-output model.
61) Explain the term “Production Possibility Frontier.”
62) What do you understand by Pareto Optimality ?
63) What is “Peak-load pricing ?”. Explain with examples.
64) What is the meaning of “Economies of Scale ?”
65) Briefly explain the term ‘Corner Solution’.
66) What is meant by ’3rd degree price discrimination’ ? Give example.
67) What is Mark-up pricing ?
68) What is meant by Consumer surplus ?
69) Explain the term ‘Dead Weight Loss’.
70) Write short note on Gender Development Index (GDI)
71) Write short note on Montreal Protocol on CFC*
72) Write short note on Kyoto Protocol.*
73) Write short note on The Club of Rome Report.*
74) Write short note on Local Agenda 21 of UNCED.*
75) Write short note on Framework Convention on Climate Change.*
76) How are relative prices of factors related to opportunity cost ?
77) “Elasticity is a better measure of responsiveness than the slope of demand curve’. Explain with a suitable example.
78) Why does a firm’s Short run marginal cost curve eventually slopes up ?
79) Derive the result that a firm will shut-down if p is less than AVC
80) A firm making CD players finds that it can lower its average total costs if it also makes CD readers for computers. Is this an example of “Economies of Scale” or “Economies of Scope” ? Explain.
81) Briefly explain the term ‘Feasible Solution” in Linear Programming.
82) Briefly explain (using diagram) weak axiom of revealed preference theory.
83) Distinguish between linear production function and linear homogeneous production function.
84) Explain interdependence of sellers under oligopoly.
85) ‘A social welfare function is analogous to the individual consumers’ utility function’ – Explain.
86) What are Giffen Goods ?
87) Distinguish between Returns to a factor and Returns to Scale.
88) Define Price Discrimination and discuss the conditions for it.
89) Applications of Linear Programming in economics.
90) Explain the point of ‘constrained Bliss’.
91) Market meltdown ?
92) Define Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM).
93) What is meant by “capital deepening ?”
94) Explain the components of Human Development Index (HDI).
95) Define the Marxian concept of ‘organic composition of capital’.
96) Write short note on “Limits to Growth”.
97) State and briefly explain various stages in Rowstow’s growth theory.
98) Discuss the concept of sustainable development and explain its relevance.
99) What is Lorenz curve ? Explain its uses.
100) Write short note on “The Informal Sector”.

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Chronological Order – Sample Questions

posted by admin
Jan 25

In this type of questions candidates are required to tick mark the option having the right chronological order.

sample questions:

Q.1

(i) Theory of monopolistic competition
(ii) Gurnot’s Theory of Duopoly
(iii) Marshall’s Theory of Quasi-rent.
(iv) Sweezy’s kinked demand curve Analysis
Codes :

  1. (iv) (iii) (i) (ii)
  2. (i) (iii) (ii) (iv)
  3. (ii) (iii) (i) (iv)
  4. (iii) (i) (iv) (ii)

Q.2

(i) Peacock-Wiseman hypothesis
(ii) Buchanan’s ‘An Economic Theory of Clubs’
(iii) Wagner hypothesis
(iv) Findlay Shirras’s canons of public expenditure
Codes :

  1. (i) (iii) (ii) (iv)
  2. (iii) (i) (iv) (ii)
  3. (ii) (iv) (iii) (i)
  4. (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)

Q 3

(i) Inventory Theoretic Approach
(ii) Restatement of the Quantity Theory of Money
(iii) Fisher’s Equation of Exchange
(iv) Tableau Economique
Codes :

  1. (i) (iii) (ii) (iv)
  2. (iii) (ii) (i) (iv)
  3. (iv) (iii) (i) (ii)
  4. (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)

Q 4

(i) Introduction of Rolling Plan
(ii) The movement from Planning to Market mechanism
(iii) Feldman-Mahalanobis Model
(iv) Declaration of Plan holiday
Codes :

  1. (i) (iii) (iv) (ii)
  2. (ii) (iv) (i) (iii)
  3. (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)
  4. (i) (iii) (ii) (iv)

Q 5

(i) Specific Target-group Oriented Programmes
(ii) Introduction of Family Planning
(iii) Direct Anti-poverty Programmes
(iv) Minimum Needs Programme
Codes :

  1. (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)
  2. (i) (iii) (ii) (iv)
  3. (iv) (iii) (i) (ii)
  4. (iii) (ii) (iv) (i)

Q. 6

(i) WTO Ministerial Meeting at Cancun
(ii) WTO Ministerial Meeting at Hong Kong
(iii) WTO Ministerial Meeting at Singapore
(iv) WTO Ministerial Meeting at Doha
Codes :

  1. (i) (iii) (ii) (iv)
  2. (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)
  3. (ii) (iii) (i) (iv)
  4. (iv) (ii) (iii) (i)

Q. 7

Chairman of the Finance Commission
(i) N.K.P. Salve
(ii) C. Rangarajan
(iii) P.V. Rajmannar
(iv) K.C. Niyogi
Codes :

  1. (i) (iv) (iii) (ii)
  2. (iv) (iii) (i) (ii)
  3. (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)
  4. (iii) (i) (iv) (ii)

Q. 8

(i) Milton Friedman’s Approach
(ii) Fishers Approach
(iii) Stock Balance Approach
(iv) Keynes Approach
Codes :
(A) (ii), (iii), (iv), (i)
(B) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
(C) (iii), (i), (ii), (iv)
(D) (iv), (iii), (i), (ii)

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Computer Science: Multiple Choice Questions (with answers)

posted by admin
Jan 25

1. ISDN stands for

a. Integral Service Dynamic Network
b. International Subscriber Dialup Network
c. International Service Digital Network
d. Integrated Service Digital Network

Answer: d. Integrated Service Digital Network

2. Stack consists of

a. Register
b. RAM
c. ROM
d. CPU

Answer: RAM

3. Microprogramming is designing of

a. Controll Unit
b.ALU
c. CPU
d. None of the above

Answer: a. Controll Unit

4. Minimum number of operands with any instruction

a.0
b.1
c. 8
d. 16

Answer: a.0

5. Which of the following medical activity was made possible by computers?

a. Open Heart Surgery
b. Vaccination
c. Brain scan
d. X Ray

Answer: C. Brain Scan

6. FTP is
a. Mail tranfer potocol
b. File Transfer Protocol
c. File Transformation Program
d. Firewall Type Program

Answer: b. File Transfer Protocol

7. Stored program concept was introduced by

a. Pascal
b. Hoolerith
c.Stallman
d. Newmann

Answer is  d. Newmann

8. BSS loader is

a. General
b. Absolute
c. Relocating
d. None of the above

Answer is c. Relocating

9. Noise resistance is very low in the case of

a.AM
b.FM
c. PM
d. FSK

Answer is a. AM

10. The first Indian analog computer was implemented by Indian stastical Institute of Culcutta in

a. 1947
b. 1956
c. 1953
d. 1961

Answer is C. 1953

11. Which of the following is considered to be a popular coding scheme?

a. ASCII
b. EBCDIC
c. Unicode
d. All  the above

Answer is D.all the above

12.  Database software may be divided into

a. four distinct categories
b. three distinct categories
c. two distinct categories
d. none of the above

Answer is B.three distinct categories

13. A link may be defined as the representation of an

a. objects
b, application
c. program
d. none of the above

Answer isc. programme

14. DPI stands fot

a. Desktop projection Ink
b.Dot per Inch
c. Dotmatricks printer ink
d. Desktop pixel Inch

Answer is b.Dot per Inch

15. A string of eight 0s and 1s is called a:

a. megabyte.
b. byte.
c. kilobyte.
d. gigabyte.

Answer:b byte.

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Logical Venn Diagrams

posted by admin
Jan 25

Logical Venn Diagrams
Venn diagrams or logical diagrams are helpful in reasoning type questions. It is useful as a graphics organization tool when comparing two things.
Sets- Universal and Subsets
A set is a collection of elements. For example a, b, c ,d…….x, y, z is the set of English alphabets and all the alphabets are elements. This is known as universal set because it contains all elements but if we take a, e, i, o, u from this set it is known as subset.Here the number of elements in A (Universal set) is 26 and and number of elements in V (subset) is 5.
n(A)=26. n(V) = 5 (n = number of elements)

Let us consider
A= all numbers
B= all odd numbers
C=all even numbers
D= prime numbers
Here A is the universal set contains B, C and D (subsets)

B’=C and C’=B.
B∩D = all odd numbers which are prime (∩ =intersection)
C∩D = only one even number which are prime (e)
The elements which are common to both sets are denoted by intersection and the elements which are in either one or the other set are denoted by union.(∪)
Let us represent these things in diagrams.
(image from http://mathworld.wolfram.com)
Let us examine different situations represented.


In 1 A, B and Care different sets. For example India Pakisthan and Srilanka.
In 2 C is a universal set that contains B and A and A is a subset of B. For example Kerala(A), India (B) and Asia (C).
In 3 A and B are different subsets but part of the universal set C India(A) Pakisthan (B)and Asia (C).
In 4 C is universal set that contains A and B which intersects each other in certain points. (A∩B) For example A Boys B Girls A∩B= intelligent C human being.
For more details about Venn diagram click here

A sample Venn diagram:
singers:
Mohanlal, Kishorekumar, Jesudas, S.P.Balasubrahmaniam
Actors:
Kishorekumar, Rajanikanth, Mohanlal, Kamalhassan, Sharukhkhan
Producers:
S.P.Balasubrahmaniam,G.P.Sippy,Mohanlal, Sharukhkhan

Yellow circle: Actors
Blue Circle: Singers
Green Circle: Producers
singers
Mohanlal, Kishorekumar, Jesudas, S.P.Balasubrahmaniam
Actors:
Kishorekumar, Rajanikanth, Mohanlal, Kamalhassan, Sharukhkhan
Producers:
S.P.Balasubrahmaniam,G.P.Sippy,Mohanlal, Sharukhkhan .
Look at the different shades and intersection in the above diagram. We can find
Elements only in “Singers”:Jesudas (1 in blue)
Common elements in “Singers” and “Producers”:S.P.Balasubrahmaniam (1 in blue+green)
Elements only in “Producers”:G.P.Sippy (1 ingreen)
Common elements in “Singers”, “Actors” and “Producers”:Mohanlal(1 in blue+green+yellow)
Common elements in “Singers” and “Actors”:Kishorekumar (1 in blue+yellow)
Common elements in “Actors” and “Producers”:Sharukhkhan (1 in yellow+green)
Elements only in “Actors”:RajanikanthKamalhassan (2 in yellow)
( Oliveros, J.C. (2007) VENNY. An interactive tool for comparing lists with Venn Diagrams.)
A sample question:

 

 

which one of the following statements is correct with regard to the above figure.

Only B is all the three shapes.

Only A and B are in all the shapes.

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Reading Comprehension X

posted by admin
Jan 25

Read the following passage and answer the following questions

All political systems need to mediate the relationship between private wealth and public power. Those that fail risk a dysfunctional government captured by wealthy interests. Corruption is one symptom of such failure with private willingness-to-pay trumping public goals. Private individuals and business firms pay to get routine services and to get to the head of the bureaucratic queue. They pay to limit their taxes, avoid costly regulations, obtain contracts at inflated prices and get concessions and privatized firms at low prices. If corruption is endemic, public officials—both bureaucrats and elected officials—may redesign programs and propose public projects with few public benefits and many opportunities for private profit. Of course, corruption, in the sense of bribes, pay-offs and kickbacks, is only one type of government failure. Efforts to promote ‘good governance’ must be broader than anti-corruption campaigns. Governments may be honest but inefficient because no one has an incentive to work productively, and narrow elites may capture the state and exert excess influence on policy. Bribery may induce the lazy to work hard and permit those not in the inner circle of cronies to obtain benefits. However, even in such cases, corruption cannot be confined to ‘functional’ areas. It will be a temptation whenever private benefits are positive. It may be a reasonable response to a harsh reality but, over time, it can facilitate a spiral into an even worse situation.

1. The governments which fail to focus on the relationship between private wealth and public power are likely to become :

 

 

(A) Functional (B) Dysfunctional

(C) Normal functioning (D) Good governance

2. One important symptom of bad governance is :

(A) Corruption (B) High taxes

(C) Complicated rules and regulations (D) High prices

3. When corruption is rampant, public officials always aim at many opportunities for:

 

(A) Public benefits (B) Public profit

 

(C) Private profit (D) Corporate gains

4. Productivity linked incentives to public/private officials is one of the indicatives for:

 

(A) Efficient government (B) Bad governance

 

(C) Inefficient government (D) Corruption

5. The spiraling corruption can only be contained by promoting :

(A) Private profit (B) Anti-corruption campaign

(C) Good governance (D) Pay-offs and kick backs

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EDUCATION IN INDIA (PART I)

posted by admin
Jan 25

EDUCATION IN INDIA (PART I)

 
o Before 1976, education was the exclusive responsibility of the states.

o The Constitutional Amendment of 1976 included education in the Concurrent List.

o The most notable efforts of the Central Government in the evolution and monitoring of the educational policies and programmes of the country arc the National Policy on Education (NPE). 1986 and the Programme of Action (POA), 1986 as updated in 1992.

o The National System of Education as envisaged in the NPE is based on a national curricular framework, which envisages a common core along with other flexible and region-specific components.

o The NPE emphasizes the need for a much higher level of investment in education of at least 6% of the National Income.

o In order to facilitate donations including smaller amounts from India and abroad for implementing projects/programmes connected with the education sector, the Government has constituted “Bharal Shiksha Kosh” as a society.

o The plan outlay on education has increased from Rs.151 crore in the First Five Year Plan to Rs. 43825 crore in the Tenth Five Year Plan.

o The expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP also rose from 0.64 per cent in 1951-52 to 3.98 percent in 2002 – 2003(BE).

o Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) is a historic stride towards achieving the long cherished goal of Universalisation of Elemental) Education. The programme lays emphasis on the education of girl child, especially belonging to SC/ST communities and minority groups. This scheme was launched in 2001.

o The Education Guarantee Scheme and Alternative and Innovative Education is an important component of the SSA to bring out-of-school children in the fold of elementary education.

o The District Primary Education Programme (DPEP) provides infrastructural facilities and special interventions for the education of girls. SCs, STs. disabled etc. 85 per cent of the project cost is met by the Central Government and the remaining 15 per cent is shared by the concerned State Governments.

o The Constitutional (86th Amendment) Bill, notified on 13th December 2002 provides for free and compulsory elementary education as a ‘Fundamental Right’, for all children in the age group of 6-14 years.

o The scheme of ‘Kasturba Gandhi Swatantrata Vidyalaya’ is to improve literacy among the women belonging to SCs. STs. OBCs and Minorities.

o The National Programme of Nutritional Support to Primary Education (NPNSPE) is popularly known as the “Mid- Day Meals Scheme”. It was formally launched on 15 August 1905. The objective of the programme is to give a boost to “Universalisation of
Primary Education’ by increasing enrolment, attendance and retention and also improving nutritional status of children in primary classes.

o The scheme of ‘Operation blackboard’ was launched in I987-88 with the aim of improving human and physical resource available in primary schools of the country.

o ‘Lok Jumbish’ is an innovative project with the assistance of Swedish International Development Agency, launched in Rajasthan with the objective of ‘education for all” through people’s mobilization and participation. (First Phase: During June 1992 – June 1994. Second Phase: During July 1994 – June 1998 and extended up to December 1999, Third Phase: During July 1999 June 2004)

o The ‘Sikhsha karmi Project’ aims at universalisation and qualitative improvement of primary education in remote and socio-economically backward villages in Rajasthan with primary attention given to girls.

o The programme, which was launched in 1989 with the concrete objective of’ “education for women’s equality”, is called the “Mahila Samakhya’.

o A collaborative effort of the Government of India and 5 UN agencies – UNDP, UNICEF, UNESCO. ILO and UNFPA – to provide programme support to ongoing efforts towards achieving ‘Universalisation of Elementary Education” is called the ‘Janshala” programme.

o The National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE) was established in August 1995.

o National Bal Bhavan, New Delhi is an autonomous body fully funded by the Ministry of Human Resource Development, which was established for children in the age group of 5-16 years; Objectives of the National Hal Bhavan are to enhance the creative potential of children and to inculcate in them scientific temper and a spirit to challenge, experiment, innovate and create. This was founded by Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru in 1956.

o The National Population Education Project (NPEP) was launched in April 19X0 with a view to institutionalize population education in the school education system. This was an externally aided project, which was fully funded by the United Nations Population Fund.

o The scheme of Environment Orientation to School Education” was initiated in I988-89.

o The National Policy on Education. 1986 envisaged the setting up of model schools, one in each district of the country, which are fully residential co-educational institutions. These schools are called ‘Navodaya Vidyalayas’ (now called ‘Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas’). At present, there are 506 Navodaya schools in the country.

o In 1965. an autonomous body called ‘kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan” was established with the primary objective of setting-up and monitoring ‘Kendriya Vidyalayas’ to cater to the educational needs of the children of transferable Central Government Employees. At present, there are 923 Kendriya Vidyalayas in the country.

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Education in India (Part II)

posted by admin
Jan 25

Education in India (Part II)

Educational Agencies in India

The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT):
- The NCERT is the apex resource organisation set-up in September 1961, with head quarters at New Delhi.
- It assists and advises the Central and State Governments on academic matters related to school education.
- The council is fully funded by the Central Government.
- The NCERT provides academic and technical support for qualitative improvement of school education through its constituent units, namely.
National Institute of Education (NIE). New Delhi.
Central Institute of Educational Technology (CIET). New Delhi,
Pandit Sunderlal Sharma Central Institute of Vocational Education
(PSSCIVE).
Bhopal and Regional Institutes of Education at Ajmer, Bhopal, Bhuvaneshwar, Mysore and Shillong.

University and Higher Education in India:

- At present, there are 306 university-level institutions.
- There are 18 Central Universities and 186 State Universities.
- There are 89 Deemed Universities.
- There are 13 Institutes of national importance.
- There are 38 Institutions providing education in agriculture (including forestry, dairy, fisheries and veterinary science).
- There are 21 Institutions in medicine (including Ayurveda), 44 in engineering and technology, 4 in information technology and 4 in legal studies.
- There are 11 Open Universities and 5 Women Universities.

University Grants Commission (UGC):

- The UGC was established in 1956.
- It serves as a coordinating body between the Union and State Governments and the institutions of higher learning.
- The Commission consists of the Chairman, Vice-Chairman and 10 other Members appointed by the Central Government.
- It has its Regional Offices at I Hyderabad. Pune. Bhopal. Kolkata, Guwahati and Bangalore.

Autonomous Research Organizations:

- The Indian Council of Historical Research (ICHR), New Delhi, set-up in 1972, reviews the progress of historical research and encourages scientific writing in history.
- The Indian Council of Philosophical Research (ICPR), functioning from 1977 with offices in New Delhi and Lucknow, reviews the progress, sponsors or assists projects and programmes of research in Philosophy.
- The Indian Institute of Advanced Study (MAS). Shimla. set-up in 1965 is a residential centre for advanced research on humanities, social sciences and natural sciences.
- The Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR). New Delhi, is an autonomous body for promoting and coordinating social science research.
- The National Council of Rural Institutes (NCRI) was set-up in 1995 as an autonomous organisation for promoting Gandhian philosophy of education and. promotes research as a tool of social and rural development

Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU):

- The IGNOU. established in September 1985. is responsible for the introduction and promotion of Open University and distance education system of the country.
- IGNOU introduced its programmes in 1987.
- It has established 269 study centres for women. SC/ST and physically challenged persons.
- On 26th January 2001, IGNOU launched an education channel called ‘Gyandharshan which is now a 24-hour channel.
- On 26th January 2003. IGNOU launched a channel for technical education called ‘Eklavya Channel’.

Open Universities:

At present, there are 10 other Open Universities in the country, viz,
a. U.K. Ambedkar Open University, Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh)
b. Rota Open University, Kola (Rajasthan)
c. Nalanda Open University, Nalanda (Bihar)
d. Yashwant Rao Chauhan Maharashtra Open University, Nasik (Maharashtra)
e. Madhya PradeshBhoj Open University. Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh)
f. Ambedkar Open University, Ahmedabad (Gujarat)
g. Karnataka State Open University. Mysore (Karnataka)
h. Netaji Subhash Open University. Kolkata (West Bengal)
i. Rajrishi Tandon Open University. Allahabad (Uttar Pradesh) and
j. Tamil Nadu State Open University, Chennai (Tamil Nadu).

Technical Education:

- The technical education system in the country covers courses in engineering, technology, management, architecture, pharmacy etc.
- The technical education system at the central level comprises the following
a. The All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE)
b. 7 Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs)
c. 6 Indian Institute of Management (IIMs)
d. Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore
e. Indian Institute of Information Technology (IIIT), Allahabad
f. Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management (IIITM),
Gwalior and
g. 18 National Institutes of Technology (NITs) (converted from RECs with 100
per cent central funding).

Adult Education:

- The National Literacy Mission, set-up in May 1988 aims to attain a sustainable threshold level of 75 per cent literacy by 2007.
- The ‘Total Literacy Campaign” is the principal strategy of the National Literacv Mission for eradication of illiteracy.
- The ‘Continuing Education Centres’ provide area-specific, need-based opportunities for basic literacy, upgradation of literacy skills, pursuit of alternative educational programmes, vocational skills and also promote social and occupational development.
- The State Resource Centres (SRCs) managed by NCOs provide academic and technical resource support in the form of training material preparation, extension activities, innovative projects, research studies and evaluation. At present, there are 26 SRCs.
- The objective of ‘Jan Shikshan Sansthan” (JSS) is the educational, vocational and occupational development of the socio-economically backward and educationally disadvantaged groups. At present, there are 140 JSSs in the country

Minority Education:

The National Policy on Education, 1986. updated in 1992 envisages paving greater attention to the education of the educationally backward minorities in the interest of ‘equity and social justice”. In pursuance of the revised Programme of Action (POA), 1992, two new centrally sponsored schemes were launched in 1993-94. viz,

a. Scheme of Area-Intensive Programme for Educationally Backward
Minorities, and
b. Scheme of financial Assistance for Modernisation of Madrassa Education.

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History Essay Type Questions (Part I)

posted by admin
Jan 25

Elective: History

Part III: Descriptive Section: B

This section consists of one essay type of question of forty marks to be answered in about 1000 words (3 choices from 3 electives)

Electives:

  1. Ancient Indian History
  2. Medieval Indian History
  3. Modern Indian History

History Essay Type Questions (1000 words 40 marks)


1. What description does Arthasasthra gives on Mayurian Administration?
2. Expalin the role of Dalhousie in the westernization and modernaisation of India?
3. Write an essay on the social life in the Pre Guptha period?
4. Write an essay on the social life of Guptha period?
5. Write a critical essay on the land revenue system of Mughals from Akbar to Aurangazeb
6. Evaluate the cultural and literary achievements of the Guptha period?
7. Write an essay on the growth of painting in Mughal period.
8. Write an essay on the development of temple architecture in ancient India.
9. Examine the cabinet mission plan for the settlement of Indian Question. Why did it fail?
10. History is an unending dialogue between the past and present. Discuss.
11. Discuss contribution of Vedic age to the history of India.
12. Analyze the administrative system of the Mauryas.
13. Write an essay on the economic life in Mughal period.
14. Trace the industrial growth of the British after First World War?
15. Evaluate Rajatharangini as a source of Ancient Indian history
16. What are the Institutional crisis led to the fall of Mughal power?
17. Write a critique of the subaltern historiography.
18. Write an essay on growth of the art and architecture under the Cholas.
19. How did Gandhiji transform the freedom struggle in to a mass movement?
20. Discuss the circumstances leading to the partition of India.
21. Explain the significance of Samudraguptha’s diverse approaches to varied conquered areas?
22. Write an essay about the rise of European power in India.
23. Discuss the constitutional development from 1905 to 1935.
24. Write an essay on the nature of State and Government of India under British.
25. Trace the development of Buddhism .

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Educational Philosophy : Great Thinkers

posted by admin
Jan 25

Paper I: General
Educational Philosophy
Great Thinkers

1. Socrates 469-369 BC (Dialectical Method): Introduced dialogic method in teaching.
2. Plato 428-348 BC (Idealism): Founder of Idealism. Education is the key to create a new world. Education should be holistic.
3. Aristotle 384-322 BC (Realism) Logic is the essential tool for all enquiries.
4. Thomas Aquinas 1227-1274 (Theism) :Incorporated Greek ideas of education in to Christianity.
5. John Locke 1630-1704 (Liberalism): human mind is a sort of blank slate on which experience writes
6. Jean Jacques Rousseau 1712-1778 (Naturalism): all children are perfectly designed organisms, ready to learn from their surroundings so as to grow into virtuous adults. He advocates an education method which keeps the child away from society.
7. Edmund Burke 1729-1797 (Conservatism): Education is agency to transmit the cultural tradition to the young and preserve it through generations.
8. Johann Friedrich Herbart 1776-1841 : Believed that educational methods and systems should be based on psychology and ethics
9. John Dewey 1859-1952 (Pragmatism) :Education should be democratic. the only true education comes through the stimulation of the child’s powers by the demands of the social situations in which he finds himself
10. William Kilpatrick 1871-1965 (Progressivism) : Advocate of the project method. Child should be in the centre.
11. William Bagley 1874-1946 (Essentialism): Return to the essential curriculum.
12. Ravindrantaha Tagore 1861 -1941: learning through activity. Moulding an Universal man. experiments at santhinikethan
13. Swami Vivekanandan 1863-1901: The end of all education is man making. Concentration is the only method. Knowledge is inherent in every soul. First condition for learning is the desire to learn.
14. Gandhiji 1869-1948 : Basic Education. Introduction of productive handicrafts in education. Self sufficient autonomous institutions.
15. Ivan Illich 1926- Deschooling: Critic of the institutionalised system of education. self directed education, supported by intentional social relations, in informal arrangements.

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ECONOMICS: Very Short Questions Part II

posted by admin
Jan 25

ECONOMICS PAPER III

QUESTION BANK

Very Short Questions Part II
Note : This part has fifteen (15) definitional questions of (5) marks each to be answered in upto (30) words.

(5×15=75 marks)

  1. What is game theory?
  2. What is aggregate demand and aggregate supply model?
  3. How WAT is measured?
  4. What are the components of GDP?
  5. What is GSTP (Global System of Trade Preference)?
  6. What are the welfare cost of protectionism?
  7. What is Autoregressive model?
  8. What is Wald’s test?
  9. What is arbitrage?
  10. What is the nature of the elasticity of demand for imported goods?
  11. Explain the term ‘Dead Weight Loss’.
  12. How are relative prices of factors related to opportunity cost ?”Elasticity is a better measure of responsiveness than the slope of demand curve’. Explain with a suitable example.
  13. Why does a firm’s Short run marginal cost curve eventually slopes up ?
  14. Briefly explain the term ‘Feasible Solution” in Linear Programming.
  15. What is Bank rate?
  16. Briefly explain (using diagram) weak axiom of revealed preference theory.
  17. Distinguish between linear production function and linear homogeneous production function.
  18. What is Taylor’s power law?
  19. Economists admit that perfect competition is rare in the real world. If so, why do we have so much discussion of perfect competition in the literature ?
  20. What is Triangular distribution?
  21. How is the multiplier different from super-multiplier ?
  22. State the important features of neo – classical monetary theory.
  23. What is Disposable Income ?
  24. Define liquidity trap?
  25. What is Ascertainment bias?
  26. Briefly explain the term “Phillips Curve.”
  27. Define High-powered money.
  28. What is Uncertainty analysis?
  29. What is meant by ‘lump-of-labor’ hypothesis ?
  30. What is minimax regret?
  31. Can money multiplier be manipulated ?
  32. Distinguish between nominal interest rate and real interest rate
  33. Discuss the Cambridge Equations of Quantity theory of Money.
  34. What is ‘Ratchet Effect’ ?
  35. What do you mean by additive utility function?
  36. Comment on the neutrality of money and elucidate the concept of money multiplier.
  37. What is over parameterized model?
  38. What is value added approach ?
  39. What do you mean by information matrix?
  40. Explain Inflationary gap.
  41. What is Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) ? How does it affect liquidity in the economy ?
  42. What are sample size formula?
  43. What is Financial Market meltdown ?
  44. What do you mean by sampling?
  45. What is Prebisch thesis?
  46. What is Reinsch spline?
  47. What is material balance principle?
  48. What is aggregate expenditure?
  49. What is normal distribution?How do the targeted programme work?
  50. What is input output analysis?

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