Archive for January 19th, 2012


NET-SAMPLE TEST :COMMERCE: PAPER II (SOLVED)

Paper II: 50 Multiple Choice Questions (SOLVED)

Elective: Commerce

1. Matrix type of marketing organization is most suited fora. Single product, single market situationB.Multi product, multi market situation.*
c. Multi product, single market situation
d. single product, multi market situation

2. Generated increased sales by neglecting quality control, production efficiency and /or cash flow management are.

a.Over marketing*
b.Remarketing
c.Under marketing
d.demarcating

3. When a change in customers tastes and preferences and market structures in general occurs, it is termed as

a.market inertia
b.market planning
c.Market drift.*
d.market change

4. Market orientation is a technique of selecting.

a.Product integration
b.Concentrated marketing
c.Additional segmentation.*
d.Marketing mix

5. When buyers have too narrow an image of brand, is known as

a..under positioning error
b.doubtful positioning error
c.confused positioning error
d.over positioning error.*

6. Under the companies act, 1956, a person can be a director in

a.7 companies
b.10companies
c.20 companies.*
d.25 companies

7. Which one of the following is not an example of profitability ratios?

A]operating ratio
B]ROI
C]EPS
D]INTEREST COVERAGE RATIO*.

8.The budget which commonly takes form of budgeted profit and loss account and balance sheet is

A]cash budget
B]master budget.*
C]flexible budget
D]sales budget

9. The physical possession of equity shares in case of GDR is with

A]depository
B]custodian.*
C]foreign investor
D]Government

10. For calculating the value of equity share by yield method information is required regarding

A]NRR.*
B]net asset of business
C]face value of share
D]all of the above

11. Life insurance premiums received by an insurance company should be classified as

A]accrued asset
B]accrued liability
C]prepaid expense
D]unearned revenue*

12.The maximum limit of partners in a firm has been specified by

A]the Indian partnership act 1932
B]the Indian contract act 1872
C]the Indian companies act 1956*
D]both A & B

13. Accounting entry for recording loss on the realization of sinking fund investment is

A]sinking fund a/c Dr *
Sinking fund investment a/c
B]sinking fund investment a/c Dr
Sinking fund A/c
C]profit & loss A/c Dr
Sinking Fund Investment A/c
D]sinking fund investment A/c Dr
Profit & loss A/c

14. The method ignores cash generation beyond period when cash inflow exceeds investment

A]pay back method.*
B]ARR
C]NPV
D]IRR

15.By using CAPM, if risk free rate of return Rf is 6%,B is 1.4 and Market Return Rm is 16% than required rate of return on project (RRRp) is

A]10%
B]14%
C]20%*
D]25%

16. The salint features of Deep Discount Bonds doesn’t include

A]it carries a fixed rate of interest*
B]DDBs are issued to face value bond
C]These are zero interest bonds
D]difference between sales price and original cost is investors profit

17. Total leverage is acombination of a]financial leverage and EPS

B] operating Leverage and EPS
C]financial leverage and operating leverage*
D] financial leverage and operating leverageand EPS

18………….risk refers to risk which is caused due to factors unique or related to a firm or industry

A]systematic
B]unsystematic*
C]market
D]interestrate

19.According to DOW theory the market is always considered as having …movements, all growing at the same timea]

A]1
B]3*
C]2
D]4

20.The fixed price at which an option may be exercised, known as …..price

A]striking*
B]bid
C]hammer
D]called up

21.Black scholes pricing model is used for

A]option*
B]forward
C]future
D] all of the above

22.An investor would buy a bond if

A] the intrinsic value is lower than the market value
B]the intrinsic value is higher than the market value.*
C]the current market value is lower than the redemption value
D]the required rate of return is equal to coupen rate of interest

23.Low asset turnover may indicate

A]low assets
B]high cost of maintenance
C]idle assets*
D]all of the above

24.The phenomenon of over trading in working capital is characterized by

A]less amount of cash invested in current assets*
B]overcapitalization of the company as compared to volume of sales
C]high amount of cash invested in current assets
All of the above

25.Underwriting commission on shares as per SEBI guide lines

A]4% and above
B]3.5-4%
C]3-3.25%
D] upto 2.5%*

26. Euro convertible bonds issued by Indian companies refer to bonds issued in foreign currency in

A]India or any country outside India
B]European countries only
C]India and any cpuntry in europpe
D]any country other than India*
27.Which of the following provides liquidity to money market instruments by creating a secondary market where they can be traded?
A]DFHI*
B]NSDL
C]SBI
D]OTCEI

28.GIVEN FIXED COST=Rs 20000/-, the operating BEP in units=2500 and financial BEP = rs 4000, the overall BEP in units is…

A]3000.*
B]5000
C]8000
D]4000

29.The agency which has to give approval to any company intending to come out with apublic or right issue, issue related guidance etc is

A]RBI
B]SEBI*
C]STCL
D]CCI

30.As per earning per share approach cost of equity can be can be calculated as (where is g is growth rate)

A]EPS(I+g)/current market price.*
B]EPS/CURRENT MARKET PRICE
C]EPS(i+g)/current market price(I-g)
D]EPS/current market price(I+g)

31.When credit balance in invisibles account is greater than the debit balance in merchandize account, there is a

A]capital account surplus
B]current account surplus.*
C]capital account defecit
D]current account defecit

32.If the convertibility of currency is restricted to certain foreign currency transactions, it is termed as

A]full convertibility
B]partial convertibility.*
C]current account convertibity
D]capial account convertibility

33.The exchange market of India consists of

A]authorized dealers
B]RBI
C]Overseas banks to some xtent
D]all of the above*

34.Which committee was formulated to look into the matter of capital account convertibility in India?a]narasimham committee

B]tarapore committee*
C]tendon committee
D]chore committee

35 A TOM rate quoted is for delivery on

A]the same day
B]second working day
C]third working day
D]following day*

36. Leading and lagging are used for

A]hedging*
B]speculating
C]reducing taxes
D]any of the above

37.Which of the following are the internal techniques for managing foreign exchange exposure?

A]netting
B]futures
C]leading and lagging
D] all except B*

38.When operating profit ratio is 25% and capital turnover artio is 2%what is the ROI?

A]75%
B]50%*
C]25%
D]none of the above

39. Cash flow statement is prepared as per acxounting standard

A] as-5
B] as-4
C] as-3*
D] as-2

40. Which one of the following formulae is used to calculate cross relationship under the span of control?

A] n (n-1)*
B] n {2n -1}
n

C] n { 2n +n-1}
n
D] None of the above

41. Complete consolidation as a class of business combination may include

A] Mergers and acquisitions.*
B] Pools and cartels
C] Trusts and holding companies
D] Trade associations and chambers of commerce
42. In stock exchange operations, when the speculator buys the right to sell acertain number of shares on an agreed amount at a specified time , it is known as

A]no option
B]call option
C]put option*
D]double option
43. Where all the debentures are redeemed, the balance left in the debenture sinking fund account is transferable to

A]debentures a/c
B]sinking fund investment a/c
C]capital redemption reserve
D]general reserve*
44. Capital employed in a business is Rs 150000.profits are Rs 50000/-and the normal rate of profits is 20%.the amount of goodwill as per capitalization method would be

A]Rs 100000*
B]150000
C]200000
D]300000

45. The basis of theory Z is the reliance on

A]external control of human behaviour
B]self control and self direction
C] the belief that productivity is linked to trust, openness, subtlety and intimacy in the work environment.*
D] Government regulatory frame work

46.Deferred payment arrangement aim at financing

A]working capital needs
B]redemption of debts
C]purchase of GDRs
D]import of plant and machinery*

47.The combination of firms in successive stages of same industry may be referred to as

A] horizontal integration
B]vertical integration*
C]forward integration
D]backward integration
48. The motivational process and not the motivators as such is associated with

A]need hierarchy theory*
B]two factor theory
C]erg theory
F]expectancy theory
49. When jobs are broad ended in scope and complexity so that the persons overall area of job responsibility increases, it is a case of

A]job evaluation
B]job specification
C]job enlargement
D]job enrichment*
50. Owners equity stands for

A]fixed assets- fixed liabilities
B]fixed asstes – current liabilities
C]current assets-fixed liabilities
D]total assets –total liabilities*

* Correct answer



Elective: Commerce

50 Multiple Choice Questions:

1. Which of the following is not a theory of capital structure?

a. net income approach
b. net operating income approach
c. weighted average cost of capital
d. none of these

2. Under the miller- Modigliani approach, the overall cost of capital is expressed as a …………..for firms in a given risk class.

a. fixed percentage
b. variable percentage
c. mixed percentage
d. zero percentage

3. The minimum amount of current assets needed to conduct a business even during the dullest season of that year is known as

a. gross working capital
b. net working capital
c. fixed working capital
d. variable working capital

4. According to MM approach the dividend decisions and retained earnings decisions do not influence …..of the shares.

a. book value
b. market value
c. earnings per share
d. none of these
5. The net income approach was suggested by
a. Modigliani-miller
b. Durand
c. Ezra Solomon
d. Walter
6. The DCL or Degree of combined leverage measures the
a. change in EPS due to change in costs
b. change in EPS due to change in sales
c. change in EPS due to change in debt funds
d. none of these
7. Under ARR method a project would be accepted if
a. the ARR is more than cash flows
b. the ARR is more than minimum desired ARR
c. the cash inflows are more than cash outflows
d. none of these
8. the capital rationing involves
a. finding ways to reduce time disparity in value of investment
b. choice of combination of available projects in a way to maximize the total NPV
c. resolving the conflicts between the results of NPV or IRR
d. none of these
9. HRM is an amalgam of
a. job analysis, recruitment, selection
b. social behaviour and business ethics
c. organizational behaviour, personnel management, industrial relations
d. employer and employee
10. “The cost of capital is the minimum required rate of earnings or the cut –off rate for capital expenditures,” This statement said by________
a. Solomom Ezra
b. T.G. Ghok
c. Anthoney
d. Dr. Koli
11. The process in which candidates are exposed to the attractive as well as the unattractive aspect of a job is called
a. job description
b. hiring specification
c. realistic job preview
d. none of these
12. The best way to evaluate the effectiveness of HRM process within an organization is
a. four C’s model- competence, commitment, congruence, cost effectiveness
b. job evaluation
c. performance appraisal
d. none of these
13. The act which provides security in cases of old age and unemployment are
a. ESI Act, 1948
b. Payment of gratuity Act, 1972
c. Maternity benefits act, 1961
d. None of these
14. Which among the following can not be a content of application blank
a. educational data
b. physical standards
c. references
d. none of these
15. Raiding means
a. attracting employees working elsewhere to join organizations
b. a method of application blank
c. none of the above
d. both of the above
16. New pay approach is an approach towards compensation that links it to
a. the process of achieving objectives
b. the process of setting objectives
c. the process of setting and achieving objectives
d. none of these
17. The apex body providing finance to the industrial concerns is
a. IDBI
b. SIDBI
c. UTI
d. None of these
18. The process which results in establishing the component element of a job and ascertaining the human qualifications necessary for its performance is known as__________
a. Job evaluation
b. Job specification
c. Job analysis
d. Merit rating
19. Statutory liquidity ratio, when increased
a. contracts credit creation
b. increases credit creation
c. no change occurs
d. none of these
20. IDBI provides assistance to backward areas in which of the following ways
a. concessional rates of interest on loans
b. subsidies
c. interest holidays
d. none of these
21. The number of directors in the board of Reserve Bank of India is
a. 15
b. 20
c. 10
d. 12
22. The ………rate of output occurs where price equal both marginal and average cost.
a. Profit
b. Loss
c. Loss Making
d. Profit Making
23. The process in which the exporters surrender their foreign exchange earnings to the government and receive domestic currency is called
a. exchange control
b. import substitution
c. money exchange
d. none of these
24. According to which plan, the IMF was to become a World Bank
a. Bernstein’s plan
b. Robert triffen’s plan
c. Unconditional liquidity
d. None of these
25. Which one of the following items represent s potential use of working capital?
a. Goodwill amortization
b. Sale of fixed assets at loss
c. Net loss from operations
d. Declaration of share dividend

26. Which fund has been created to provide assistance to developing countries in rectifying their BoP disequilibrium?
a. supplementary financing facility
b. subsidy account
c. trust fund
d. none of these
27. Price elasticity is defined as the percentage change in……… that results from a 1 percent change in price
a. Quantity demanded
b. Supply demanded
c. Quantity
d. Supply

28. The main objective of international finance corporation is
a. assisting private enterprises in developing countries
b. setting up infrastructural assets
c. providing loans
d. none of these
29. OGL means
a. open general licence
b. open greater licence
c. oil and gas limited
d. none of these
30. Special economic zones (SEZ) have been created in the
a. exim policy 2000
b. exim policy 2002
c. exim policy 1990-91
d. none of these

31. The P/V Ratio of X co. Ltd. Is 40% and its MOS is 50%. Find out the net profit, if sales volume is Rs. 8,00,000______
a. Rs. 1,60,000
b. Rs1,40,000
c. Rs 1,80,000
d. Rs 1,70,000

32. Which is the following is not a sources of ‘funds’?
a. Purchase of machinery
b. Profit earned during the year
c. Issue of share capital
d. Long term loan raised

33. Labour Rate variance is due to__________
a. Overtime allowance
b. Defective materials
c. Poor working conditions
d. None of these

34. The concept of joint sector was recommended by the committee headed by
a. k.c.dasgupta
b. p.c.mahalanobis
c. m.m.mehta
d. y.k.alagh
35. The Industrial Policy Resolution came into force on_________
a.1956
b. 1970
c. 1947.
d. 1966

36. Expenditure incurred in erecting an imported machinery is
a. RE
b. CE
c. DRE
d. None of the above
37. A firm’s CA and CL are 1600 and 1000 respectively. How much it can borrow on a short term basis without reducing current ratio below 1.25 out of one of the following
a. rs.1600
b. rs.1400
c. rs.1800
d. none of these
38. Laws of increasing and constant returns are temporary phases of
a. law of variable proportion
b. law of diminishing return
c. law of proportionality
d. law of diminishing utility
39. A polygon smoothed by added data is known as a ___________
a. Frequency Curve
b. Normal distribution
c. Histogram
d. None of these
40. Michael porter identified 3 generic competitive strategies. Which of the following is not one of these strategies?
a. product differentiation
b. focused strategy
c. merger and acquisition
d. overall cost leadership
41. Which one of the following is the following is not an element of distribution logistics?
a. distribution channel
b. modes of transport
c. order processing
d. warehouse
42. Mass media usually has its maximum impact at ———stage of buying a new product
a. adoption
b. awareness
c. evaluation
d. trial

43. The provision of the Payment of Bonus Act, 1965 take effect from the accounting year commencing on_________
a .6th April 1966
b. 7th July 1965
c. Any day in 1964
d .7th August 1960

44. In PERT the critical path is the sequence of activities which
a. takes the shortest time
b. includes activities having zero slack time
c. takes the longest time
d. both b & c
45. according to the net income approach the cost of debt capital and the cost of equity capital remain unchanged when the leverage ratio
a. doesn’t vary
b. varies
c. keep on fluctuating
d. none of these
46. Profit will be the same under Absorption Costing and Marginal Costing and Marginal Costing only when………………..
a. There is no opening or closing stocks
b. There is only closing stocks
c. There is only opening stocks
d. Opening stocks are lower than closing stocks

47. What is the operative function of human resource management
a. directing
b. integrating
c. controlling
d. none of these
48. Which out of the following is an egoistic need
a. rest
b. acceptance
c. achievement
d. none of these
49. Priority sector lending means
a. loans and advances to backward areas
b. loans and advances to weaker sections
c. sanction of loans to NRIs
d. refinance facility to RRBs

50. Which of the following entry will be passed in the books of vendor’s company at the time purchasing of business?
a. Realisation A/c Dr.
To Assets A/c
b. Liabilities A/c Dr.
To Realisation A/c
c. Purchasing Company A/c Dr.
To Realisation A/c

d. All of these


Arabic Language in India

posted by convener
Jan 19

Elective: Arabic
Paper III (Descriptive)

اللغة العربية في الهند
المقدم: عبد. بي . محاضر الكلية السنسكريتية الحكومية بتامبي

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

الحمد لله الذي أنزل كتابه في لسان عربي مبين , والصلاه والسلام على رسوله محمدالعربيّ الأمين , وعلى آله وأصحابه العربيين والعجميين , أما بعد

. واللغة أقدم الوسائل للإتصال بين الشعوب. وقد مرّ الإتصال الإنساني بمراحل شهد خلالها تطوّرات ظاهرة انتقلت معها العملية الإتصاليّة من الإشارات البسيطة إلى التكنولوجية الجبّارة الحديثة . واللغة وسيلة إنسانيّة خالصة لتوصيل الأفكار والإنفعالات والرغبات عن طريق نظام

ووظائف اللغة في حياتنا نلخصها إلى ثلاثة : 1) أنها وسيلة للتواصل 2) أنها عون آليّ للتفكير 3) أنها وسيلة للتسجيل وللرجوع إلى ما سجّل .

واللغة العربية تتميز من اللغات السامية بأنها لسان القرآن الكريم وهي اليوم أغنى لغة في العالم في مفرداتها ودقة تعبيرها

ويشير الدكتور عبد الواحد في كتابه فقه اللغة: ” تميّزت اللغة العربية من أخواتها الساميّة بخواصّ كثيرة أهمها:

1 ) أنها أكثر أخواتها احتفاظا بالأصوات السامية 2) أنها اوسع أخواتها جميعا وأدقها في قواعد النحو والصرف 3) أنها أوسع أخواتها ثروة في أصول الكلمات والمفردات ,

وفوق ذلك اللغة العربية تتميز بغزارة في مفرداتها ودقة في قواعدها وسموّ ومرونة في أساليبها وثروة في آدابها وتراثها وقدرة الإبانة عن مختلف نواحي التفكير والوجدان . .

ولعل من أخص ما ميّز اللغة العربية استعمالها الدقيق للفظ , ومن ضروب الدقة ما يظهر في اقتران الألفاظ بعضها ببعض فقد خصّص العرب ألفاظا للألفاظ وقرّنوا كلمات بأخرى ولم يقرّنوها بغيرها ولوكان المعنى واحدا فقد قالوا في وصف شدّة الشيئ :

ريح عاصف
برد قارص
حرّ لافح

وفي وصف بالإمتلاء :

كأس دهاق
بحر طامّ
نهر طافح
واد زاخر
فلك مشحون
مجلس غاص

اللغة العربية والهند
ولا يستطيع لأحد أن ينكر مساهمة الهند في نشر اللغة العربية و ترقيتها . وكان للهند علاقات تجارية بالبلاد العربية قبل بعثة نبينا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم . وقد تسببت هذه الصلات لتبادل الثقافات والآداب واللغات . وقد استقبلت اللغات الهندية كثيرا من المفردات العربية حتى صارت تلك المفردات كمفردات اللغات الهندية . وهذا واضح كضوع النهار في اللغة الأردوية والهندي والتامل والمليالم وغيرها . ونرى أكثر من ألفين مفردات عربية تستعمل في لغتنا الأم مليالم . وقدمت أطروحة في هذا الموضوع في جامعة كالكوت.

وقد ولدت الهند كثيرا من العلماء العباقرة في اللغة العربية . ومنهم أنور شاه الكشميري والشيخ ابو الحسن علي الحسيني الندوي المعروف بعلي ميان والسيد غلام علي آزاد البلغرامي وأحمد بن عبد الرحيم شاه ولي الله الدهلوي والشيخ عبد الحق محدث الدهلوي وعبد الحي الحسني الندوي وفضل الحق الحيدرابادي وغيرهم . هؤلاءالعلماء الكبار وقفوا حياتهم علي نشر اللغة العربية في الهند حتى أسسوا مدارس كثيرة وأصدروا مجلات كما ألّفوا كتبا عديدة في موضوعات مختلفة .
وكان في ولايتنا كيرالا كثير من العماء الماهرين في اللغة العربية وألّفوا كتبا عديدة فيها . يقول ابن بطوطا السائح العربي المشهور الذي ولد في سنة 703 هجرية :” كان لملوك كيرلا مهارة في اللغة العربية وكان في بعض القصور مترجمو اللغة.” وألّف الفقيه زين الدين كتابا باسم قيدالجامع يظن أن هذا أوّل كتاب صنف في العربية في كيرلا . وكتاب تحفة المجاهدين قد ترجمت إللى اللغات العالمية الكثيرة .وجمال محمد القاضي كاليكوت, وقاضي عبد العزيز وأسرة مخدوم بفناني وقاضي عمر البلينكودي وهذه بعض الأسماء للعلماء الماهرين القدماء في كيرالا . وألّف زين الدين المخدوم الفناني كثيرا من الكتب في عدة فنون وألّف زين الدين المخدوم الفناني كثيرا من الكتب في عدة فنون ومنها مرشد الطلاب وسراج الهدى وشمس الهدى وتحفة الأياد وإرشاد القاصدين وكفاية الفرائض وغيرها .
اللغة العامية والفصحى

وإنّ اللغة العربية في الوقت الراهن قد انتشرت انتشارا واسعا مسّ جميع الميادين والحقول مع ذلك نجد في العالم دعوة شديدة إلى اللهجة العامية وهذا خطر هالك على اللغة العربية الفصحى والدعوة إلى العامية تمتد بجذورها في التاريخ وقد لعب المستشرقون دورا بالغا للتحوّل من الفصحى إلى العامية في القرن التاسع عشرالميلادي

لقد أدرك علماء الغرب الترابط الوثيق بين اللغة العربية والدين الإسلامي وعرفوا أن الإسلام لايفهم إلآ بها و أنها ركن جوهري من القرآن الكريم فأخذوا يوجهون السهام إليها وبذلوا الجهود الكبيرة لإضعافها وتدميرها وإبعادالمسلمين عنها وصرفهم عن الفصحى التي تؤدّي بها ( عز الدين الخطيب التميمي في مجلة الأمة ) ولقد أخذوا يروّجون اللغة العامية واللهجات الإقليمية المحلية لتكون لغة التخاطب والكتابة والآداب والفنون والمعاملات وكتن ذلك أسلوبا من أساليب إضعاف اللغة العربية وإهمالها وكان أيضا جزء من المؤامرة عليها

استعمال العامية في وسائل الإعلام

إن من أكبر العوامل الضارّة باللغة العربية وبمستقبلها وحتى بمستقبل الوحدة العربية استعمال اللهجات المحلية في السنيما والمسرح وفي الإذاعة والتلفاز إذ يجمع بين البلاد العربية لغة القرآن والعدول عنها إلى اللهجات المحلية هوخصم لهذه الوحدة (عزالدين الخطيب التميمي)

وعلى كل حال اللهجات العامية في حياة الأمم واقع لا يمكن نكرانه فهي في جميع الحالات تمثل جزءامن شخصيات الشعوب والأمة إيجابيا وسلبيا ولكن علينا الاّ ننسى وهي لا تغنّي اللغة العربية بل قد تشوّه حقيقتها .وعلينا ان نحذر كل الحذر عن هذه التحديات التي تدب خفيفا إلى لغتنا ليهلكها

بعض التحديات الجديدة

نرى في العالم بعض العلماء العربية وهم يحاولون أن يخرجوا من نطاق قواعد اللغة وقوانينها النحوية . ويدّعون أنّ كلّ لغة للتواصل فاذا نجح واحد في التواصل فما الحاجة إلى القواعد النحويّة الصعبة ؟ وهذا الإدّعاء سمّ قاتل تقلع دابر أصالة اللغة وعذوبتها وينتهي إلى انقراض اللغة على مرّ الزمان وهذا ولو أجزنا في التكلّم إلى حدّ مّا فلا يجوز أبدا في الكتابة

وهناك مشكلة أخري في مداولة اللغة العربية . وهي أن بعض الناشئين والمثقفين في البلاد العربية يحبوّن اللغات الأجنبية أكثر من لغة أمّهم العربية ويزداد فيهم رغبة التقليد بالغرب حتى في لغتهم .فاذا تكلمت معهم في اللغة العربية تكلموا معك في اللغة الإنجليزية .

والجامعات الهندية تزود الفرص لتدرس هذه اللغة وتدريسها ومع هذا تجري تحت إدارة المسلمين في الهند كليات عديدة ومدارس كثيرة لتدريس هذه اللغة ونشر ثقافتها العالية . وتصدر مجلات عربية في الهند مثل البعث الإسلامي والرائد والحراء وغيرها . ولكننا لا نجد التشجيع الوافر من قبل المسؤوليين الهنديين تجاه هذه اللغة . مثلا نسمع الإذاعة من محطات الراديو في الهند في كل اللغات الهندية حتى في السنسكريتية ولكن مع الأسف لا نستطيع سماع اللأخبار والبرامج العربية في المذياع كما لانجد قنوات التلفاز العربية في الهند .

ومن التحديات التي تواجهها اللغة العربية في أمتنا الهندية هي المحبة الكبيرة للحضارة الغربية . وقد امتدت مخالب الحضارة الغربية إلى شعبنا في صورة بشعة . حتى بدأنا أن نترك أسمائنا العربية وتراثها الثمينة وشرعنا نعانق بالعادات الغربية حتى في الطعام واللباس والكلام واللغة وغيرها .

وفي ولايتنا قد كثر عدد الطلاّب الذين يتقدّمون على دراسة هذه اللغة الحبيبة ولا يزال يزيد عدد الكليات والجامعات اللاتي تشجّع على دراسة هذه اللغة والبحث فيها ولكن لا نري في عصرنا الراهن الغويين العبقريين بالنسبة إلى سائر البلاد وإلى العصور الماضية .ولم لم يطلع منا أديب لامع في أفق الأدب العالم ؟.ولم لم يولد فينا أديب مشهور بالرواية أو القصة القصيرة أو غيرها من فنون الأدب ؟ ولم اقتصر عدد الأدباء والعلماء في بلدنا حيث نقدر أن نعدهم بأنامل أيدينا ؟ هذه أسئلة نسأل أنفسنا ونحاول أن نجدالجواب الشافي. وفقنا الله لخدمة هذه اللغة المرموقة وجعلنا ممّن يحبّ هذه اللغة ويحميه من تحديات العصر .
***************


Jan 19

Elective: Arabic
Part III: Descriptive

On Arabic poets:

Zuhair bin abi sulma & Hafid Ibrahim

زهير بن ابي سلمى

ولد في نحو سنة 540م في بيت عريق في الشاعرية . وهو أحد الثلاثة المتقدمين على سائر الشعراء الجاهليين . وهم امرؤالقيس وزهير والنابغة. ولزم بشامة بن الغدير خال أبيه وكان شاعرا حكيما فتأثر بعلمه وحكمه

ولما أصلح ألحارث بن عوف وهرم بن سنان بين عبس وذبيان , مدحهما زهير بمعلقته . ثم اختص بمدح هرم بن سنان حتى حلف هرم ألا يمدحه زهير ولا يساله ولا يسلمه إلآأعطاه عبدا أو وليدة أو فرسا . فاستحيا زهير من كثرة ما كان يقبل منه , فأصبح إذا رآه في ملأ من الناس قال: عموا صباحا إلآ هرما وخيركم اثتثنيت .

لما سمع عمر بن الخطاب من ولد هرم مدائح زهير فيه قال: إنه كان ليحسن فيكم القول . فقال: والله ونحن كنا نحسن له العطاء . فقال عمر : قد ذهب ما أعطيتموه وبقي ما أعطاكم . توفي زهير قبل الهجرة وقد عمّر طويلا . وكان سديد الرأي مؤثرا للسلم مؤمنا بالله واليوم الآخر

شعره

امتاز زهير بما في نظمه من الحكم البالغة وكثرة الأمثال . وقد أجاد في المدح ولا يمدح أحدا إلآ بما فيه وكثيرون يفضلونه على امرؤ القيس والنابغة ويقولون أنه أحسنهم شعرا وأصدقهم نهجا وأجمعهم لكثير من المعاني في قليل من الألفاظ وأنقحهم شعرا. وله قصائد تعرف بالحوليات , كان ينظمها في أربعة أشهر ويهذبها في أربعة , ثم يعرضها على خاصّة الشعراء في أ ربعة , فلا ينشدها الناس إلا بعد حول .

موضوع معلقته مدح الحارث وهرم . مطلعها:

أمن أم أوفى دمنة لم تكلم بحومانة الدراج فالمتلثم

حافظ ابراهيم (1870 – 1932 م )

ولد في ديروط . ولما كان عمره سنتين توفي أبوه فانتقلت به أمه إلى القاهرة فكفله خاله وألحقه بالكتاب ثم تحول به إلى مدارس مختلفة . ثم انتقل خاله إلى طنطا فنقله معه . قضى فيها بضع سنوات متبطلا يملأ فراغه بالقراءة والقريض .وعلى هذا النحو مضى في حياته من غير جد في تلقي الدروس فملّه خاله وأحس من الألم , وعزم على أن يبدأ محاولته في كسب قوته .

أحسّ حافظ بعمق بؤسه . لم يجد مجالا لكسب قوته . حاول أن يسغل في صحيفة ” الأهرام ” ولكنها أغلقت أبوابها من دونه . فاتجه إلى الشيخ محمد عبده وتعرف عن طريقته قاسم أمين ومصطفى كامل وسعد زعلول فصار شاعر مصر الإحتماعي .

وقد عيّنه الإنجليز رئيسا للقسم الأدبي في دار الكتب المصرية وظلّ في وظيفته إلى أن أحيل إلى المعاس في سنة 1932 وعاجلته المنية بعد أن تحلل من الوظيفة بأربعة أشهر فتوفي في 21 يوليو سنة 1932 م . خلف حافظ ديوانا في جزأين كبيرين . وترجم “ماكبت ” مسرحية شكسبير وترجم رواية “البؤساء ” لدكتور هيوجو.

كان حافظ مجددا في شعره ولكنه نظم في موضوعات قديمة كالإخوانيات والخمريات والغزل وهو فيها مقلد


Jan 19

Arabic Part II

1. ولد توفيق الحكيم في ———–
ا)الإسكندرية
ب) القاهرة

ج) لبنان

د) ديروط

2-” أكذا نموت وتنقضي أحلامنا في لحظة وإلى التراب نصير” صاحبه:

ا) ميخائيل نعيمة

ب)خليل مطران

ج) إيليا أبو ماضي

د) معروف الرصافي

3- أشعر شعراء الخمريات

ا) بشاربن البرد

ب) أبو نواس

ج) المعري

د) البحتري

4- أسلك منهم كما تسل الشعرة من العجين ” قالها

ا) كعب بن زهير

ب) حسان بن ثابت

ج) زهير بن أبي سلمى

د) خنساء

5- صاحب “طوق الحمامة”

ا) ابن حزم الظاهري

ب) ابن المقفع

ج) ابن خلدون

د) ابن عبد ربه

6- ” المرغث” لقب

ا) حافظ ابراهيم

ب)المعري

ج) الرصافي

د) بشار بن برد

7- ” لكم لغتكم ولي لغتي” قالها

ا) ابن طفيل

ب) ابن المقفع

ج) جبران

د) شوقي ضيف

8- أول باب وضعها أبو الأسود الدؤلي في النحو:

ا) المفعولات

ب) المضاف

ج) التعجب

د) الجار والمجرور

9- شاعر لم يقل الشعر بعد إسلامه

ا) خنساء

ب) زهير

ج) كعب بن زهير

د) ابن عبد ربه

10- “ياابن عبد ربه لقد تأتيك العراق حبوا”قالها”

ا) المتنبي

ب) ابن المقفع

ج) ابن خلدون

د) ابو جعفر المنصور

11- مصدر دَحرَجَ

ا) دحرُج

ب) دحرجة

ج) دحراج

د) دحرجان

12- موضوع “الموافقات” للشاطبي:

ا) أصول الفقه

ب) أصول الحديث

ج) علوم القران

د) النحو

13- جامع الأزهر أسّسها :

ا) العباسيون

ب) الفاطميون

ج) الشيعة

د) الأتراك

14- سرّ من رأى مدينة في

ا) القاهرة

ب) سوريا

ج) بغداد

د) سعودية

15- نزار قبّاني :

ا) عراقي

ب) سوري

ج) لبناني

د) سعودي

16- الاسم القديم لمحيط الأطلسي:

ا) بحر الظلمات

ب) البحر الأحمر

ج) بحر المحيط

د) محيط الأطلسي

17- الأخطل الصغير:

ا) نازك الملائكة

ب) أدونس

ج) بشارة الخوري

د) ابن الفارض

18- كتاب عيون الأثر موضوعه:

ا) النقد

ب) النحو

ج) السيرة النبوية

د) البلاغة

19- أمير الشعراء المهجري:

ا) أحمد شوقي

ب) إيليا ابوماضي

ج) جبران

د) البياتي

20- أمين هذه الأمة: لقب

ا) ابن عمر

ب) ابن عباس

ج) أبوعبيدة الجراح

د) ابوبكر الصديق

21- آخر الخلفاء العباسيين:

ا) عمر بن العاص

ب) عبد الرحمن الداخلي

ج) المأمون

د) المعتصم بالله

22- سلامة موسى:

ا) نصراني

ب) مسلم

ج) يهودي

د) زنديق

23- الأجنحة المتكسرة:

ا) شعر

ب) حديث

ج) رواية

د) قصة

24- اسم امرؤالقيس:

ا) عمروبن بحر

ب) جندح بن حجر

ج) عبدالغز

د) قروح بن عمرو

25- البصريات:

ا) ابن طفيل

ب) ابن المقفع

ج) ابن الهيثم

د) شوقي ضيف

key

1 ا 8 ج 15 ب 22 ج
2 ج 9 د 16 ا 23 ج
3 ب 10 ا 17 ج 24 ب
4 ج 11 ب 18 ج 25 ج
5 ا 12 ا 19 ب
6 د 13 ب 20 ج
7 ج 14 ج 21 د


REASONING – SYLLOGISM

posted by convener
Jan 19

Based on the given Statements, You are required to evaluate which conclusion follows.

Mark 1. If the 1st statement follows

Mark 2. If the 2nd statement follows

Mark 3. If both follows

Mark 4. I f none follows
Questions

Statement.1 All Doctors are engineers Statement.2 All Engineers are Advocates

Conclusion 1. All Advocates are Doctors Conclusion 2. All Doctors are Advocates

Statement.1. Some Chairs are Furniture Statement.2. Some Furniture is Tables

Conclusion 1.Some Tables are Chairs Conclusion 2. Some furniture is chairs

Statement.1. All flowers are buds Statement.2. No bud is bush

Conclusion 1. No bush is flower Conclusion 2. All flowers is flower

Statement.1. No cat is elephant Statement.2. No elephant is animal

Conclusion 1. No cat is animal Conclusion 2. Some elephant is cat

Statement.1. All monkeys are animals Statement.2. Anil is an animal

Conclusion 1. Anil is a monkey Conclusion 2. All monkey are animals

Statement.1. Some Apples are bricks Statement.2. All grapes are bricks

Conclusion 1. Some Apples are grapes Conclusion 2. Al bricks are grapes

Statement.1. All plants are trees Statement.2. No tree is stone

Conclusion 1. No stone is plants Conclusion 2. Some stones are plants

Statement.1.All players are tall Statement.2.Rahul is tall

Conclusion 1. Rahul is player Conclusion 2. No player is tall

Statement.1.All students read news paper Statement.2. Rahul doesn’t read newspaper

Conclusion 1. Rahul is a student. Conclusion 2. Rahul is not a student

Statement.1. All rivers are ponds Statement.2. Some ponds are lakes

Conclusion 1. Some lakes are not ponds Conclusion 2. All lakes are rivers

Statement.1All windows are doors Statement.2 No door is a bat

Conclusion 1. No window is bat `Conclusion 2. No bat is door

Statement 1.All glasses are liquids Statement 2.All liquids are fluids

Conclusion 1. All glasses are fluids Conclusion 2. All fluids are glasses

Statement 1. Some gold are bright. Statement 2. Some bright are silver

Conclusion 1. Some gold are silver Conclusion 2. Some bright are gold.

Statement 1.All flowers are garden Statement. 2. All gardens are fruits.

Conclusion 1. All fruits are flowers Conclusion 2. All flowers are fruits.

Statement 1. All poets are singers Statement 2. No singer is composer.

Conclusion 1. No composer is poet Conclusion 2. All singers are poet.

Statement 1. All Tables are cupboards Statement 2. Some cupboards are chairs

Conclusion 1. Some chairs are Tables Conclusion 2. No chair is Table

Statement 1. No tigers are rabbits Statement 2. No rabbit is a jackal

Conclusion 1. All tigers are jackal Conclusion 2. Some tigers are jackal

Statement 1. Some blues are oranges Statement 2. Some oranges are green

Conclusion 1. Some blues are green Conclusion 2. No blue is green.

Statement 1. Some hotels are teashop. Statement 2.All restaurants are teashop

Conclusion 1. Some Hotels are restaurants. Conclusion 2. No Hotel is restaurant.

Statement 1. Some shops are footages Statement 2. All footages are slippers.

Conclusion 1. Some slippers are shops Conclusion 2. No slipper is shop

Statement 1.No book is eraser Statement 2. Some erasers are not pens

Conclusion 1. Some books are pens Conclusion 2. Some erasers are pens.

Statement.1.All MLAs are Ministers. Statement 2. No Minister is MP.

Conclusion 1. All MLAs are MPs. Conclusion 2. No MP is MLA

Statement 1. Some Kings are queens Statement 2. All queens are bishops.

Conclusion 1. Some Kings are bishops Statement 2. All Kings are Bishops

Statement 1.No teacher is Engineer Statement 2. Some engineers are not Doctor

Conclusion 1. All teachers are Doctors Conclusion 2. Some teachers are Doctors.

Statement 1.All Politicians are Sociologist. Statement 2. All sociologists are fighters.

Conclusion 1. All politicians are fighters. Conclusion 2. Some fighters are Politicians.

Key and explanation

Answer is 2. Both are SAP type premises, hence, the conclusion may be SAP type. Incase of first conclusion the term ‘Advocate’ which is distributed is not distributed in question.
Answer is 4. Both Statements are SIP type or particular. Hence, No conclusion is possible.
Answer is 1. First statement is SAP and second statement is SEP, ie, Universal negative, from which we will get only SEP.
Answer is 4. Combination Universal negative premises will produce no conclusion
Answer is 4. The middle term ‘animal’ has not been distributed at least once in the premises.
Answer is 4. The middle term ‘bricks’ has not been distributed at least once in the premises.
Answer is 1. Combination of SAP (Universal positive) and SEP (universal negative) often produce SEP.
Answer is 4. The middle term ‘tall’ is distributed at least once in the premises.
Answer is 2. Combination of SAP (Universal positive) and SEP (universal negative) often produce SEP.
Answer is 4. The middle term ‘ponds’ has not been distributed at least once in the premises
Answer is 3. Combination of SAP and SEP produces SEP only.
Answer is 1. In Second conclusion, the term ‘fluids’ is distributed which is not distributed in premises.
Answer is 4. The middle term ‘ponds’ has not been distributed at least once in the premises. More over, the combination of SIP and SIP never produces any conclusion.
Answer is 2. In first conclusion, the term ‘fruits’ is distributed which is not distributed in premises.
Answer is 1. In Second conclusion, the term ‘singer’ is distributed which is not distributed in first premises.
Answer is 4. The middle term ‘cupboard’ has not been distributed at least once in the premises.
Answer is 4. More over, the combination of SEP and SEP produces nothing.
Answer is 4. The middle term ‘oranges’ has not been distributed at least once in the premises. More over, the combination of SIP and SIP never produces any conclusion.
Answer is 4. The middle term ‘teashop’ has not been distributed at least once in the premises.
Answer is 1. In Second conclusion, the term ‘slipper’ is distributed which is not distributed in premises.
Answer is 4. More over, the combination of two negative premises produces nothing.
Answer is 2. Combination of SAP and SEP produces SEP only.
Answer is 1. In Second conclusion, the term ‘kings’ is distributed which is not distributed in premises.
Answer is 4. More over, the combination of two negative premises produces nothing.
Answer is 3.


REASONING – SYLLOGISM

posted by convener
Jan 19

sed on the given Statements, You are required to evaluate which conclusion follows.

Mark 1. If the 1st statement follows

Mark 2. If the 2nd statement follows

Mark 3. If both follows

Mark 4. I f none follows
Questions

Statement.1 All Doctors are engineers Statement.2 All Engineers are Advocates

Conclusion 1. All Advocates are Doctors Conclusion 2. All Doctors are Advocates

Statement.1. Some Chairs are Furniture Statement.2. Some Furniture is Tables

Conclusion 1.Some Tables are Chairs Conclusion 2. Some furniture is chairs

Statement.1. All flowers are buds Statement.2. No bud is bush

Conclusion 1. No bush is flower Conclusion 2. All flowers is flower

Statement.1. No cat is elephant Statement.2. No elephant is animal

Conclusion 1. No cat is animal Conclusion 2. Some elephant is cat

Statement.1. All monkeys are animals Statement.2. Anil is an animal

Conclusion 1. Anil is a monkey Conclusion 2. All monkey are animals

Statement.1. Some Apples are bricks Statement.2. All grapes are bricks

Conclusion 1. Some Apples are grapes Conclusion 2. Al bricks are grapes

Statement.1. All plants are trees Statement.2. No tree is stone

Conclusion 1. No stone is plants Conclusion 2. Some stones are plants

Statement.1.All players are tall Statement.2.Rahul is tall

Conclusion 1. Rahul is player Conclusion 2. No player is tall

Statement.1.All students read news paper Statement.2. Rahul doesn’t read newspaper

Conclusion 1. Rahul is a student. Conclusion 2. Rahul is not a student

Statement.1. All rivers are ponds Statement.2. Some ponds are lakes

Conclusion 1. Some lakes are not ponds Conclusion 2. All lakes are rivers

Statement.1All windows are doors Statement.2 No door is a bat

Conclusion 1. No window is bat `Conclusion 2. No bat is door

Statement 1.All glasses are liquids Statement 2.All liquids are fluids

Conclusion 1. All glasses are fluids Conclusion 2. All fluids are glasses

Statement 1. Some gold are bright. Statement 2. Some bright are silver

Conclusion 1. Some gold are silver Conclusion 2. Some bright are gold.

Statement 1.All flowers are garden Statement. 2. All gardens are fruits.

Conclusion 1. All fruits are flowers Conclusion 2. All flowers are fruits.

Statement 1. All poets are singers Statement 2. No singer is composer.

Conclusion 1. No composer is poet Conclusion 2. All singers are poet.

Statement 1. All Tables are cupboards Statement 2. Some cupboards are chairs

Conclusion 1. Some chairs are Tables Conclusion 2. No chair is Table

Statement 1. No tigers are rabbits Statement 2. No rabbit is a jackal

Conclusion 1. All tigers are jackal Conclusion 2. Some tigers are jackal

Statement 1. Some blues are oranges Statement 2. Some oranges are green

Conclusion 1. Some blues are green Conclusion 2. No blue is green.

Statement 1. Some hotels are teashop. Statement 2.All restaurants are teashop

Conclusion 1. Some Hotels are restaurants. Conclusion 2. No Hotel is restaurant.

Statement 1. Some shops are footages Statement 2. All footages are slippers.

Conclusion 1. Some slippers are shops Conclusion 2. No slipper is shop

Statement 1.No book is eraser Statement 2. Some erasers are not pens

Conclusion 1. Some books are pens Conclusion 2. Some erasers are pens.

Statement.1.All MLAs are Ministers. Statement 2. No Minister is MP.

Conclusion 1. All MLAs are MPs. Conclusion 2. No MP is MLA

Statement 1. Some Kings are queens Statement 2. All queens are bishops.

Conclusion 1. Some Kings are bishops Statement 2. All Kings are Bishops

Statement 1.No teacher is Engineer Statement 2. Some engineers are not Doctor

Conclusion 1. All teachers are Doctors Conclusion 2. Some teachers are Doctors.

Statement 1.All Politicians are Sociologist. Statement 2. All sociologists are fighters.

Conclusion 1. All politicians are fighters. Conclusion 2. Some fighters are Politicians.

Key and explanation

Answer is 2. Both are SAP type premises, hence, the conclusion may be SAP type. Incase of first conclusion the term ‘Advocate’ which is distributed is not distributed in question.
Answer is 4. Both Statements are SIP type or particular. Hence, No conclusion is possible.
Answer is 1. First statement is SAP and second statement is SEP, ie, Universal negative, from which we will get only SEP.
Answer is 4. Combination Universal negative premises will produce no conclusion
Answer is 4. The middle term ‘animal’ has not been distributed at least once in the premises.
Answer is 4. The middle term ‘bricks’ has not been distributed at least once in the premises.
Answer is 1. Combination of SAP (Universal positive) and SEP (universal negative) often produce SEP.
Answer is 4. The middle term ‘tall’ is distributed at least once in the premises.
Answer is 2. Combination of SAP (Universal positive) and SEP (universal negative) often produce SEP.
Answer is 4. The middle term ‘ponds’ has not been distributed at least once in the premises
Answer is 3. Combination of SAP and SEP produces SEP only.
Answer is 1. In Second conclusion, the term ‘fluids’ is distributed which is not distributed in premises.
Answer is 4. The middle term ‘ponds’ has not been distributed at least once in the premises. More over, the combination of SIP and SIP never produces any conclusion.
Answer is 2. In first conclusion, the term ‘fruits’ is distributed which is not distributed in premises.
Answer is 1. In Second conclusion, the term ‘singer’ is distributed which is not distributed in first premises.
Answer is 4. The middle term ‘cupboard’ has not been distributed at least once in the premises.
Answer is 4. More over, the combination of SEP and SEP produces nothing.
Answer is 4. The middle term ‘oranges’ has not been distributed at least once in the premises. More over, the combination of SIP and SIP never produces any conclusion.
Answer is 4. The middle term ‘teashop’ has not been distributed at least once in the premises.
Answer is 1. In Second conclusion, the term ‘slipper’ is distributed which is not distributed in premises.
Answer is 4. More over, the combination of two negative premises produces nothing.
Answer is 2. Combination of SAP and SEP produces SEP only.
Answer is 1. In Second conclusion, the term ‘kings’ is distributed which is not distributed in premises.
Answer is 4. More over, the combination of two negative premises produces nothing.
Answer is 3.


New Online Education Portal

posted by convener
Jan 19

Onto Online
The online education portal is yet another milestone in the history of Sree Neelakanta Government Sanskrit College. Arguably, the first college in Kerala to tap the unlimited potential of the cyber space, we provide exhaustive online support to competitive exams like NET, CAT and MAT. In addition, the portal offers materials on communicative English, general knowledge, information & communication technology and helps the student fare better in the university examinations. We would like to invite everyone interested in the venture, both as users and contributors.

www.sngsconlineedu.org is the realization of a long-cherished dream. The college has tried to use the possibilities brought about by the internet revolution for quiet some time now as illustrated from the college website and blogs. Now it has moved to its own portal and is thus equipped to cater to the diverse needs of the larger academic community. Every course offered by the college is absolutely free, no strings attached. The following are the main courses and facilities that the college offers through the portal.

UGC/NET: The Multimedia Center and the Placement Cell of the College have offered training for UGC NET for long, at first in the form of regular classes and recently through a blog created for the purpose. In the case of Sanskrit, Malayalam, economics, commerce, history and English, training was offered for optional subjects too. Now, we are bidding goodbye to the blog and starting out with our own cyber space. It uploads at least five posts a day from among general and optional topics. In addition, there will be interactive sessions, tests and evaluation programs. We are very seriously thinking about offering real time online interactive sessions with teachers and resource persons.

Common admission test: The Placement Cell is conducting training sessions for CAT and MAT. Though it is primarily meant for final year degree students, freshmen and sophomores are also actively attending classes. The study materials and notes shall be made available in the portal.

Communicative English: The Multimedia Center is association with the department of English is running a short term course on communicative English. All the four departments of language viz. listening, speaking, reading and writing are pointedly dealt with in the course.

ICT: Information and communication technology has already a niche in every stratum of the academy. When it comes to higher education, it has become a byword of efficient learning and output. The College provides service and assistance in every facet of ICT.

University examinations: This section contains study materials, supporting materials and extended notes that help students bag better grades in university examinations.

We request you to intimate your friends to make use the facility.
admin
sngsconlineedu.org


Jan 19

Research Methodology
prepared by noufal palathingal


Jan 19

Research Methodology Discussion
prepared by noufal palathingal